The development of any acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or myocardial infarction) results from the rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaque. The ruptures results in the adhesions of platelets to the plaque and the formation of fibrin clots and the activation of thrombin.
Patients with certain risk factors are at a greater likelihood of developing an acute coronary syndrome. The degree and duration of the blockage determine the type of occlusion and subsequent ischemia or infarction.
The responsibility of the critical care nurse is to have a comprehensive knowledge of the pathophysiology of these disorders and intervene rapidly to minimize long term sequelae of cardiac events.